Sobre os arquivos PSD

Documento Photoshop

Lançado em 1990 Por Thomas & John Knoll (Adobe)

Formato nativo do Adobe Photoshop. Preserva camadas, máscaras, ajustes não-destrutivos. Padrão profissional para edição de imagem.

Família

Raster & Vector Images

Extensão

.psd

Tipo MIME

image/vnd.adobe.photoshop, application/x-photoshop

Pode ser usado como

Entrada

A história

COMO NASCEU O
FORMATO PSD.

1987

1988

1990

2026

PSD — Photoshop Document — was born in 1987 when Thomas Knoll, a computer science student at the University of Michigan, wrote a display program called Display for his Mac Plus. His brother John, working at Industrial Light & Magic on Star Wars effects, convinced him to expand it into a photo editor. They sold the software — renamed Photoshop — to Adobe in 1988, and Photoshop 1.0 shipped in February 1990 on Macintosh.

PSD is the format's native save file: layers, masks, adjustments, smart objects, text, effects — all preserved in a single binary blob. The format has evolved through Photoshop versions without breaking backward compatibility: a PSD made in 1990 still opens in Photoshop 2026. It also became the lingua franca between designers and developers — every agency, studio, and enterprise graphics pipeline has at some point standardized on PSD hand-offs.

CURIOSIDADES E
FATOS INTERESSANTES.

Photoshop 1.0 was coded by two brothers working from their parents' basement — Thomas wrote the image engine, John wrote the plug-in API.

The PSD format has a hard limit of 30 000 × 30 000 pixels per layer and 2 GB per file; beyond that you need PSB ("Photoshop Big").

Inside a PSD, layer data can be stored either uncompressed, RLE-compressed, or zip-compressed — editors pick based on content.

Many non-Adobe apps (GIMP, Affinity Photo, Krita) read PSD but rarely preserve 100% of the layer effects — adjustment stacks often break.

The file contains a flattened preview composite so apps that can't parse layers still render something reasonable.

VANTAGENS E
LIMITAÇÕES.

Vantagens

Preserves every Photoshop feature: layers, masks, adjustments, smart objects, text, effects, styles.
Backward-compatible — files from 1990 still open in modern Photoshop.
Industry-standard handoff format between designers, agencies, and prepress.
Supports 32-bit HDR, CMYK, Lab, Duotone, and spot colors for professional print work.
Rich metadata, color profiles, and printing instructions survive round-trips.

Limitações

Proprietary — full fidelity only in Adobe tools; other apps approximate.
File sizes are enormous (hundreds of MB is common for complex documents).
Not a web format — browsers cannot display PSD natively.
Binary structure is complex and version-dependent; parsers often lag the latest Photoshop version.
Hard 2 GB / 30 000 px limit forces professionals to switch to .psb for large artwork.

Tamanhos típicos de arquivo

Simple 2-layer logo

500 KB - 3 MB

Website mockup with 20 layers

20-80 MB

Magazine spread with hi-res photos

150-500 MB

Matte painting / CGI composite

1-4 GB

Especificações técnicas

MIME type: image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
Max dimensions: 30 000 × 30 000 px (PSD); 300 000 × 300 000 (PSB)
Max file size: 2 GB (PSD); 4 EB (PSB)
Color modes: Bitmap, Grayscale, Duotone, Indexed, RGB, CMYK, Lab, Multichannel
Bit depths: 1, 8, 16, 32 bits per channel

CONVERTER A PARTIR DE
PSD

psd jpg psd png psd webp psd avif psd gif psd bmp psd tiff psd ico psd pdf psd pcx psd sgi psd dpx psd pnm psd xbm psd xpm psd wbmp psd miff

CONVERTER PARA
PSD

jpg psd png psd webp psd gif psd bmp psd tiff psd

Casos de uso comuns

Graphic design, photo editing, layer-based image composition.